Maria Montessori was a doctor in Italy in the beginning of XX century and was educated in psychology, science, pedagogy and other human studies. She was a great observer and a great scientist who used her prejudice-free observation to understand how nature provides human beings the tools to develop themselves, as well as, other living beings in the world. She discovered that children had several gifts that helped them in their formation. She believed that if we can see the inner instincts in a horse, for example, that provide the horse how to evolve from fecundation to adults, the man would have some gifts to grow entirely as well as a human being.
By observing children she became aware that the actual education was to help every child unfold their abilities and individual potential. We must assist the natural process in human growth, giving them freedom to construct themselves, observing and providing them with what they need at every moment. Education for her is, therefore, an aid to natural life.
As we want to help in developing the fullest human potential in every child we must know how the child works. Maria Montessori observed that children work and she realized they are tireless toilers at building their own abilities, skills and personality.
A child’s work is different than that of an adult’s work. An adult builds something external with the aim of improving the environment, but a child is very concentrated on improving himself, to construct his body, his brain and his inner soul. A child has a big inner energy that leads him to easily unfold his potential. This is an unconscious process and if children cannot work in this direction they have a lack that affects their personality and their behavior. Adults first of all don't have to be an obstacle for them. We have to prepare environments that allow an optimal use of their powers and special characteristics they bring and later to allow self construction giving freedom in this environment for nurturing their developmental needs. In this way they will fulfill the full independence and responsibility not only in their lives but in the whole world.